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Инвестировать в недвижимость старомодным способом сложно. Не у многих инвесторов есть достаточно дополнительных денег для первоначального взноса, которые просто лежат без дела. И даже если бы они это сделали, связывание всех этих денег с одной собственностью могло бы заставить их задуматься.

Если вы находитесь в такой ситуации, решением вашей проблемы может быть просто инвестиционный траст недвижимости, также называемый «REIT». REIT работает как индексный фонд, но для реальных объектов недвижимости. По данным Нарейта, около 145 миллионов американских домохозяйств (44 %) инвестируют в REIT.

Он сочетает в себе лучшее из обоих миров:потенциал высокой прибыли на рынке недвижимости, но на уровне, который может себе позволить каждый. Продолжайте читать, чтобы узнать больше об этом варианте инвестиций в недвижимость.

У REIT есть потенциал для высокой прибыли на рынке недвижимости, но на уровне, который может себе позволить каждый.

Как работают REIT

Вы можете думать о REIT как о типе индексного фонда недвижимости. REIT — это фонды, которые инвестируют в недвижимость и позволяют людям покупать акции. Как и в случае с фондами фондового рынка, вы будете получать дивиденды и можете покупать или продавать акции в любое время (надеюсь) с прибылью.

Однако существуют некоторые особые правила, которые применяются к REIT по сравнению с другими типами фондов. Например, REIT должен иметь не менее 100 акционеров, управляться советом директоров или попечителями, инвестировать не менее 75% средств в какую-либо недвижимость и выплачивать не менее 90% своего дохода акционерам в виде дивидендов. .

REIT также являются ходовым товаром. Чтобы понять почему, полезно взглянуть на фонд FTSE Nareit All REITs, который представляет собой фонд REIT, инвестирующий во все публично торгуемые REIT на фондовых рынках США. Дивиденд доходности для этого фонда составляет 4,3% по сравнению с 1,8% у S&P 500. Он также имеет более высокую 20-летнюю доходность 9,5% против 6,3% у S&P 500.

Однако фонд FTSE Nareit All REITs является в этом году, на много:17%, на самом деле.

Это выявляет один из основных недостатков REIT:они очень волатильны. Хотя они, как правило, являются хорошей частью вашего портфеля в небольших количествах, вы не захотите вкладывать в них много денег, особенно если вы приближаетесь к тому, когда вам могут понадобиться эти деньги.

Реклама за деньги. Мы можем получить компенсацию, если вы нажмете на это объявление. Размещение части вашего портфеля в инвестиционном фонде недвижимости — это серьезный шаг. REIT предоставляют всем инвесторам возможность владеть ценной недвижимостью, предоставляют возможность доступа к доходу на основе дивидендов и общей прибыли, а также помогают сообществам расти, процветать и возрождаться. . Нажмите ниже, чтобы начать инвестировать сегодня! Start Investing TodayADVERTISEMENT

Types of REITs

Currently, there are around 1,100 REITs in the U.S., with about 225 of them available on the publicly-traded markets. That’s a lot of REITs, and as you might expect, there are almost as many types of REITs available as there are ways to invest directly in real estate.

Some of these categories overlap with each other. For example, an REIT that specializes in office buildings and a REIT that specializes in apartments both fall under the same umbrella:equity REITs. Let’s sort out some of these categories next.

Equity REITs

Equity REITs are what most people think of when they think of REITs. These are funds that focus on purchasing income-producing properties like retail stores, house rentals, and more. In this way, they’re more akin to people who purchase buy-and-hold real estate, and bank on the value of the rental increasing and steady income from rent each month.

Mortgage REITs

Some REITs focus on the actual lending of money — i.e., the mortgages themselves, rather than the properties they buy. Mortgage REITs might invest in mortgages directly, or focus on mortgage-backed securities (yes, the very same from the famed Great Recession).

Hybrid REITs

Most REITs fall under the umbrella categories of either equity REITs or mortgage REITs. Hybrid REITs, however, invest both:buying actual properties, and funding the mortgages that other people use to buy other properties, too.

Sector-Based REITs

Another way to parse out REITs is by certain industries. Each of these REITs also falls under the equity, mortgage, or hybrid umbrellas. For example, a residential REIT can specialize in buying homes and apartments, providing the mortgages for other people to buy them, or both.

Here are some of the most common sector-based REITs:

• Retail
• Data centers
• Office buildings
• Healthcare buildings
• Self-storage properties
• Timberland (forest land for logging)
• Residential (standalone homes, duplexes, apartment complexes, etc.)

The advantage of sector-based REITs is that if you’re savvy, you can key in on trends that affect certain parts of the real estate industry. You might have a hankering that there’s something big going on in the office building vs. residential market, for example, and that might affect your investment decisions.

Pros and Cons of REITs

There’s a reason REITs are considered separate investments from the usual breakdown of stocks vs. bonds. Here are some considerations, before you invest in a REIT.

REIT Pros	REIT Cons
Highly liquidEasy to get startedPotential for high returnsEasy to diversify your portfolio	High volatilityManagement feesDividends are taxed as ordinary income

REIT Pros

There’s a lot to like about REITs. Let’s look at each of these more closely.

Highly Liquid

If you buy a real estate property, you might find yourself in the unlucky position of not being able to sell it later. And even if it is a hot seller’s market, there’s a lot of time, hassle, and money you have to spend to turn that property into cash in your bank account.

But with REITs, you can just click a few buttons to sell your shares and get done with it. No realtors, no title companies, fewer hassle.

Easy to Get Started

REITs are infinitely more affordable than buying an entire property. A single share of VNQ (an ETF version of a REIT offered by Vanguard) is just $86 as of this writing, for example.

On the other hand, if you were to buy real estate, you’d need a lot of cash up-front. If you bought a home in the Seattle marketplace with an average value of $784,000, for example, you’d need a down payment of $157,000 if you used a conventional mortgage with no PMI.

Not exactly obtainable for the average investor.

Potential for High Returns

REITs offer the potential for some pretty impressive returns. For example, VNQ has shown returns as high as 30% in some years. Imagine earning a 30% APY from your bank account — that’d be quite the cause for celebration.

Easy to Diversify Your Portfolio

Since REITs are so easy to handle, it’s also easy to add them into your portfolio mix and keep them at whatever percentage you want. You can even automate it entirely by buying REITs within a robo-advisor platform.

For example, let’s say you want to keep real estate to just 5% of your portfolio. If we use the same example from Seattle above with an average home value of $784,000, you’d need at least $15.7 million more in your portfolio to keep it to that target 5% mark.

Again, not quite so obtainable for the average bear.

REIT Cons

So, why doesn’t everyone invest all in REITs, all the time? They do have some downsides.

High Volatility

It’s true that Vanguard’s VNQ REIT has offered returns as high as 30% in some years. But it’s also true that REITs can go down in value — and sometimes spectacularly so. During the 2008 real estate crash, for example, this same fund offered returns of negative 37%. That’s not exactly something you want to see if you’re right on the verge of retiring, for example.

Management Fees

If you’re a DIY real estate investor, you can control a lot of the costs yourself. You can even get up in the middle of the night to fix a flooding toilet, if you don’t want to spring for property management services, after all.

But if you invest in a REIT, there will be costs in the form of an expense ratio and possibly trading fees. These don’t have to be high (VNQ has an expense ratio of 0.12%), but they’re a cost you’ll have to pay if you’re not a DIY real estate investor.

Dividends Are Taxed As Ordinary Income

Many types of investments pay out qualified dividends , which are taxed at a lower capital gains rate. But REIT dividends aren’t considered “qualified,” and so they’re generally taxed at your marginal tax rate as ordinary income (like from your job), and this can be a lot higher than the capital gains rate.

Are REITs a Good Option for You?

REITs are just like any other investment type. They’re a tool, and whether they’re a good tool for you depends on your situation.

If you’re looking for an easy and affordable way to invest in real estate without jumping in headfirst to the DIY real estate investing world, REITs can be a good option for you. They’re also a good choice if you’re just getting started and you don’t have millions (or even thousands) to invest in real estate just yet.

But if you think you’d enjoy a more hands-on approach and you’re not afraid of devoting a lot of time and money (and headaches) to the cause, investing more directly in real estate might be in the cards for you.

Remember, there’s no wrong answer here. Only what you (and/or your financial advisor) determines is best.