Досрочный выход на пенсию стал популярной финансовой целью. Так и должно быть.
Даже если вы никогда не уйдете на пенсию раньше, просто зная, что вы можете, вы освобождаетесь!
И это может быть просто стратегия, которая освобождает вас для решения еще более серьезных жизненных задач.
Это может произойти, когда вы достигнете точки, когда у вас больше не будет не иметь зарабатывать на жизнь.
Есть разные возрасты, в которых люди хотят выйти на пенсию, и для большинства людей это, вероятно, что-то вроде как можно скорее! Но давайте сосредоточимся на том, как выйти на пенсию в 50 лет, поскольку для многих это достижимая цель.
Как это сделать?
Если вам сейчас 25, то вам следует начать откладывать деньги, чтобы выйти на пенсию в 50 лет — то есть немедленно. Лучший способ доказать это — привести пару примеров.
Если вы решите отложить сбережения до выхода на пенсию в 50 лет еще на пять лет — когда вам исполнится 30 — и начнете откладывать 10 000 долларов в год, инвестируя их со средней годовой доходностью 7%, то к тому времени, когда вам исполнится 50 лет, вы будет $425 341.
Но если вместо этого вы решите начать откладывать прямо сейчас — опять же, 10 000 долларов США в год, вложенных по среднегодовой ставке 7 %, – то к 50 годам у вас будет сбережено 656 227 долларов США.
Это разница более чем в 230 000 долларов США только за то, что вы начали откладывать и инвестировать на пять лет раньше.
Принято считать, что вы можете выйти на пенсию, просто откладывая 10–15% своего годового дохода. И это может быть правдой, если вы планируете выйти на пенсию в 55 или даже 60 лет и иметь 35 или 40 лет, чтобы копить и инвестировать деньги.
Но если вы серьезно настроены выйти на пенсию в 50 лет, вам придется откладывать больше, чем кому-либо другому. Это может означать экономию 20% вашего дохода, 25% или даже 30%. Черт возьми, если вы намного старше 25 или 30 лет, вам придется откладывать от 40 до 50 % вашего дохода, если вы надеетесь выйти на пенсию в 50 лет.
Но каждый раз, когда вы получаете прибавку к зарплате или продвижение по службе с еще большей прибавкой, вместо того, чтобы тратить дополнительные деньги, направляйте их на сбережения. Через несколько лет постоянного повышения заработной платы вы сможете увеличить норму сбережений до 30 % или даже больше.
Откладывая такой большой процент своего дохода, вы достигаете двух очень важных целей:
Второй момент будет очень важен, когда вы действительно выйдете на пенсию. Чем меньше денег вам нужно для жизни, тем быстрее и эффективнее вы сможете выйти на пенсию.
Мне, вероятно, не нужно говорить вам, что вы не сможете выйти на пенсию в 50 лет, инвестируя в процентные активы, такие как депозитные сертификаты. Процентные ставки в размере 1 % в год или меньше просто не помогут.
Вам придется инвестировать в акции, и именно туда нужно будет вкладывать большую часть своих денег в любое время. Фондовый рынок за последние 90 лет приносил в среднем от 9 % до 11 %, и это тот тип роста, который вам нужно использовать, если вы хотите выйти на пенсию в 50 лет.
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Жизнь непредсказуема. Ваш пенсионный план не должен быть таким. Свяжитесь с независимым финансовым специалистом, чтобы узнать, находитесь ли вы на пути к достижению своих пенсионных целей. Щелкните свое состояние, чтобы начать. Начать Since you’re probably well under 50 now, you can afford to keep 80% to 90% of your savings invested in stocks. That’s the best way to get the kind of return on your investments that you’ll need to build the kind of portfolio you’ll need to make early retirement a reality.
All the rewards of aggressive investing come with some risk, so you want to make sure you invest with a solid platform. Here are my top picks for all of you bold investors itching for early retirement:
Элли Инвест: With Ally Invest, you can opt for do-it-yourself investing or professional account management with Ally’s robo-advisor. Ally starts out by helping you establish your risk tolerance, where you can opt for “Aggressive growth” and put the majority of your investments into stocks. Ally Invest offers some of the lowest trading fees on the market, 24/7 customer service, and professionally managed portfolios to meet your investment goals. Try Ally Invest today.
Betterment: Betterment offers investors an alternative robo-advising experience, completely automating your investment experience. The software maximizes your returns with tax loss harvesting and helps you to reach your specific retirement goals with RetireGuide. The service automatically rebalances your portfolio to keep you on track to your goals. With a low annual management fee and no trade fees, you can start investing with Betterment easily.
M1 Finance: Rather than assessing risk tolerance, M1 focuses on helping you target your investment goals and stay on track to reaching them. When you invest with M1 Finance, you can choose from 60 expertly designed investment “pies” made of up to 60 ETFs and stocks, or create your own. M1 then manages your investments, rebalancing your account as needed. M1 gives you fee-free account management and trades, and requires low initial investments, making it a great choice for aggressively investing for early retirement.
Taxes are one of the under-estimated obstacles of early retirement planning. Not only do they reduce the income you have available for savings, but they also take a chunk out of your investment returns.
For example, if you earn 10% on your investments, but you’re in the 30% tax bracket, your net return is only 7%. That will slow your capital accumulation.
But there is a way around that problem, at least partially. You should maximize your tax-sheltered retirement contributions.
Not only will that reduce your taxable income from your job, but it will also shelter the investment earnings in your investment portfolio so that a 10% return will actually be a 10% return.
If your employer offers a 401(k) plan, you should make the maximum contribution you’re allowed to. That would be up to $18,000 per year. If your employer offers a matching contribution, that’s even better.
You should also plan to make contributions to a traditional IRA, even if those contributions won’t be tax deductible due to income limitations. The investment earnings in the account will still accumulate on a tax-deferred basis, and that’s what you want to happen.
Now there is a basic problem with retirement savings, at least in regard to early retirement. If you begin taking withdrawals from your retirement accounts before you reach age 59 ½ you will not only be subject to income taxes on the withdrawals but also the 10% early withdrawal penalty as well.
But there’s a way around that dilemma – it’s the Roth IRA.
You don’t have to contribute to a Roth IRA every year in order to get the benefits of the Roth IRA. You can set it up by doing a Roth conversion from other retirement accounts, such as a 401(k) plan and a traditional IRA. (That’s another big reason why you should always max-out your retirement savings, especially if you want to retire at 50).
Roth IRAs enable you to take tax-free withdrawals from the plan once you reach age 59 ½, and have been in the plan for at least five years.
Roth IRAs have a loophole. Contributions to a Roth can be withdrawn free from taxes and the early withdrawal penalty.
After all, since there were no tax savings going in, there’s no tax liability going out. (Taxes and penalties, however, do apply to the earnings from the account, however, the contribution withdrawal rules don’t require a pro-ration between contributions and earnings the way traditional IRA withdrawals do.)
That contribution withdrawal loophole makes the Roth IRA perfect for early retirement. You can make this happen by doing a series of annual Roth IRA conversions from your other retirement accounts.
Are you with me so far?
There is one difference between contribution withdrawals from a regular Roth IRA and a Roth conversion. Since you are not making direct contributions with a Roth conversions, but rather converting balances from other accounts, the IRS has a five-year rule on early withdrawals.
At least five years must pass between the time a balance is converted and it’s withdrawn from the account . If it’s withdrawn sooner, it’s still not subject to ordinary income tax, but it will be subject to the 10% early withdrawal penalty.
You can avoid this by making a series of annual conversions to a Roth IRA, in what is known as a Roth conversion ladder.
Basically, what you do is decide how much money you will need to live on when you retire, and then convert that amount each year for five years.
As long as you stay five years ahead, you will always have a sufficient amount of Roth funds to live on, and you can withdraw them free of both income taxes and penalties.
EXAMPLE: Let’s assume that you need $40,000 per year in order to live on in retirement at age 50. You have several hundred thousand dollars in your 401(k) plan, so five years from now (in 2022), beginning at age 45 you start making annual conversions to your Roth IRA of $40,000. Once you turn 50 (in 2027), you can begin taking those withdrawals from the Roth IRA each year, free from taxes and penalties.
To illustrate, your Roth conversion ladder will look like this:)
| Year | Age | Amount of Roth Conversion | Amount of Roth Withdrawal | Source of Funds Withdrawn |
| 2022 | 39 | 40,000 | 0 | Н/Д |
| 2023 | 40 | 40,000 | 0 | Н/Д |
| 2024 | 41 | 40,000 | 0 | Н/Д |
| 2025 | 42 | 40,000 | 0 | Н/Д |
| 2026 | 43 | 40,000 | 0 | Н/Д |
| 2027 | 44 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 2022 Conversion |
| 2028 | 45 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 2023 Conversion |
| 2029 | 46 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 2024 Conversion |
| 2030 | 47 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 2025 Conversion |
| 2031 | 48 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 2026 Conversion |
The Roth conversion ladder will enable you to make early withdrawals from your Roth account until you are 59 ½ and can begin making penalty-free withdrawals for your non-Roth retirement accounts. It will also prevent you from having to draw down non-retirement accounts.
There is one downside to the Roth conversion ladder, which is a problem with all forms of Roth conversions, and that’s that you will have to pay regular income tax on the number of retirement assets converted to a Roth IRA.
But that may be a price worth paying if it means you’ll be able to have a generous early retirement income to go with that early retirement.
One financial habit you’ll have to get into is to live beneath your means. That means that if you earn a dollar after taxes, you’ll have to live on say, 70 cents, and bank the rest.
That’s not an easy pattern to get into if you’ve never done it before, but it’s absolutely necessary. Unless you can master it then early retirement will be nothing more than a pipe dream.
In order to live beneath your means you’ll have to adopt a few strategies:
Any money that isn’t going into living expenses is more money for savings.
A word of warning about debt:it can undo everything you’re trying to accomplish in order to retire at 50. It will do you little good if you reach 50 and have $500,000 saved, but $100,000 in debt of various types (it’s easier to get to that level than you think – just live the TV version of the suburban lifestyle and it’ll happen all by itself!).
Not only does debt weaken your net worth, but it also comes with monthly payments. And you’ll need as few of those as possible if you’re going to retire at 50. Better yet, the goal should be to be debt-free entirely. Debt not only raises the cost of living in retirement, but it will reduce the amount of income you’ll have to dedicate to savings between now and then.
Being debt-free should include your mortgage if you own your own home or plan to. Your early retirement plan should include a sub-plan to pay off your mortgage in time for your retirement date.
As you can see, if you really want to retire at 50 you’ll have to adopt a multi-strategy plan to make it happen. It’s mostly about saving a lot of money and investing it well, but there are a lot of factors that will make that challenge more doable.
Make a plan now, and then stick to it religiously, and you’ll be able to retire at 50 – or any other age you choose.